Competencies of the Effective Healthcare Leader

Competencies of the Effective Healthcare Leader The analysis of a top down change process in my organisation has led me to a critical understanding of processes, my own place within these organisational processes and the effects my role and competence can have on the professional experiences of others. (Please see appendix for summary of scenario). Kerfoot (2004) suggests that one role of leaders is to synthesise information and then channel it to improve aspects of the organisation, placing interpersonal communication at the forefront of leadership activity (Chambers, 2002). In this instance, information is power, and one fault of the process describe below is that information was not shared in a timely or inclusive fashion. Kerfoot (2004) describes information as leaders’ primary resource, but I would argue that the primary power of bad leaders lies in their ability to control that information. Grossman (2007) describes communication as one of the key competencies of the effective leader, but there are a number of other dimensions of leadership which are equally as important. This scenario highlights communication as a major negative factor in the implementation of change. However, there are other aspects of leadership which could be employed to ameliorate the situation: conflict management; collaboration and networking; teamworking; decision-making and troubleshooting; the ability to understand and so work with (or manipulate) the organisational culture (Grossman, 2007). They should also be proactive, manage negative situations and emotions cognitively and have a degree of emotional intelligence (Jooste, 2004). It is obvious of that the employment of these competencies might have prevented the challenges which arose from the process described below. Transformational leadership (Thyer, 2003) would allow for improved multi-way communication, by allowing the leader to establi sh new and different lines of communication with and between staff at different levels (McCarthy, 2006). Transformational leadership may also address the staffing issues associated with this challenging scenario (Thyer, 2003). Healthcare professionals, particularly nursing staff, engage with, develop and reinforce such behaviours constantly as fundamental competencies for effective patient care. Grossman (2007) argues that good leaders must have demonstrated efficacy in patient communication, which suggests that all nurses have such abilities. Nurses also have unique insider knowledge, which should have informed a full system analysis (McCarthy, 2006) prior to the implementation of the change. Including the staff in this process might also facilitate both the change the process by engaging the staff in meaningful, change-related communication and activity from the outset (McCarthy, 2006). Chambers (2002) suggests that the mark of a true leader might be someone who can se the vision, share it with others and lead them on the journey that makes it happen. The lack of such a guide, a true leader is both evident in this scenario and indicative of an area of future need, where the existing resources of those who already translate organisational conceptualisation of service delivery in to the pragmatic and practical aspects of quality patient care should be utilised rather than wasted. Senior nurses, such as myself, possess these qualities and should be enabled to express them. References Chambers, N. (2002) Nursing leadership: the time has come to just do it. Journal of Nursing Management. 10 127-128. Grossman, S. (2007) Assisting Critical Care Nurses in Acquiring Leadership Skills. Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing 26 (2) 57-65. Jooste, K. (2004). Leadership: a new perspective. Journal of Nursing Management 12 27-223. Kerfoot, K. (2004) Leaders and windshields: the art of deflecting essential information. Dermatology Nursing 16 (6) 545-546, 568. McCarthy, J. (2006) Five more concepts for creating change. Nursing Management September 2005 Available from: www.nursingmanagement.com. Accessed 17-7-07. Thyer, G.L. (2003) Dare to be different: transformational leadership may hold the key to the nursing shortage. Journal of Nursing Management 11 73-79.

How to build a computer Essay

Every fully functioning computer is made of the same basic components and here I’ll walk through the basic hardware you’ll need for your first build. There are several components a computer. However, it’s important to first understand what each component does. The processor (CPU) is like the brain of a computer, the thing that carries out the tasks you give it. Better CPUs can perform more tasks at once, and perform them faster. Not everyone takes full advantage of their processor’s full speed, so the high-end processers are only really needed if you’re performing intensive things like gaming or video editing. It’s also one of the most expensive parts of a computer, so if you aren’t doing these types of things, you don’t need to buy the latest and greatest. Another expensive part is the motherboard connects all the other components to each other, and is the physical base that you build everything else onto. It contains a lot of your machine’s core features, like the number of USB ports, the number of expansion cards you can put in (like video, sound, and Wi-Fi), and also determines how big your computer will be. The motherboard you buy will depend on the type of user you are. The case holds all of your computer’s parts together. For the most part, a case is less about features that affect how your computer runs and more about features that affect you and your home. Still, it’s an important consideration that is dependent on your other choices, so you might want to think about everything before buying one. Make sure the case buy will hold motherboard. RAM, or Random Access Memory, is like your computer’s short-term memory. It stores data your computer needs quick access to help your programs run faster, and help you run more programs at one time. That basically means the more you want to do at once the more RAM you’ll need. The graphics card, or GPU, is a processor designed to handle graphics. It’s what you hook your monitor up to, and it’s what draws your desktop and your windows on the screen. Some motherboards come with a GPU already integrated, which is enough to manage your desktop, but not enough for watching high definition video or playing games. Your hard drives are what store all of your data, ranging from your operating system to your documents, music, and movies. If the RAM is your computer’s short-term memory, your hard drive is the long-term memory. It stores the things you want to keep around for a while. An optical drive, more commonly known as a CD or DVD drive is what you’ll use to read CDs, DVDs, and even Blu-Ray discs. Not everyone needs an optical drive in his/her computer, but you’ll need one to install anything from a disc. The final major component you’ll need is the power supply. This does just as the name implies, it powers the computer. Depending on what you plan on using the computer for will determine the â€Å"size† of power supply you’ll need. Just as I said with picking the case, wait to pick this out until you figure out how much power you’ll need. Now that I’ve told you about all the components that make up a computer it’s time to start deciding which to use. While deciding make sure you read everything because you’ll need to make sure everything is compatible. Now that you’ve bought all your components, it’s time for the moment of truth: You’re ready to actually put together the machine. Assembling your computer can seem daunting, but it’s actually pretty easy. Here’s what you need to do. To start, open up your case’s box, take out the case, and open it up. Usually this involves unscrewing a few thumb screws on the back of your case and sliding the side panels off. Take a good look around your case and get acquainted; note where the hard drive bays are, where your CD drive will go, whether the power supply mounts on the top or the bottom, and so on. There should also be a bag of screws inside your case; grab that now and set it aside because we’ll need it in a few minutes. Open up your motherboard box and take out the I/O shield, which is the metal plate that protects the ports on the back of your motherboard. You should see a rectangular space in the back of your case where this should go. Snap it into place. This takes quite a bit of force, so make sure all four sides are snapped in securely. Next, pull out your motherboard and line up the ports on the back with the I/O shield. You should see that the holes on your motherboard line up with screw holes on the bottom of your case. There are probably more holes on your case than there are on your motherboard, so note which ones these are, and grab your motherboard standoffs from your bag of screws (they have a male screw end on one side, and a female screw hole on the other side). Screw the standoffs into those holes, and set your motherboard on top of them. Screw your motherboard screws into the standoffs so the motherboard is snugly mounted. Open up your processor’s box and gently take it out. Your processor is one of the more breakable parts, so this is one step in which you’ll want to be careful. Find the corner of your processor that has a gold arrow on it, and then look at your motherboard’s processor socket for a similar arrowed corner. Line these two arrows up; this is the direction your processor will go into the socket. Lift up the lever on the processor socket and put your processor in (Intel motherboards might also have a cover you have to lift up first). Pull the lever down to lock it into place. Again, do this gently—it shouldn’t require any feats of strength on your part, so if it isn’t falling into place easily, something’s wrong. Take it out and try re-setting it, make sure your two arrows are lined up, and of course, double check that your motherboard and processor are of the same socket type. Once your processor’s in, grab the cooler that came with your processor (remember, if you got an OEM processor you have to buy a cooler separately). It should already have some silver thermal paste on the bottom. If not, you’ll need to pick some up from the computer store and put a very thin line on your processor. Installing RAM is very simple. Find the RAM sockets on your motherboard, and pull the two clips on the side down. Line up the notch in your RAM stick with the notch in the socket, and press the RAM down into place. This might take a bit of pressure, so don’t worry about being overly gentle. The clips should snap back into place when the RAM is fully in the socket. For your video card (or any other PCI expansion card), find the topmost slot that fits your card and match that up with its plate on the back of the case. Remove that plate and slide the PCI card’s bracket in its place. The card should then be sitting on top of the socket, and all you need to do is press down to lock it into place. Then screw the bracket onto the case. Every case is a little bit different in how they install hard drives. Generally, there are two methods: on some cases, you have to pull out a hard drive tray, put the drive in, screw it in securely, and then slide the tray back in. Other motherboards just require you to slide the bare drive into the bay and then screw it in snug after the fact. Check your case’s manual for more detailed instructions on this case. The optical drive should be pretty self-explanatory. Just pull out the plastic cover on one of your 5. 25†³ drive bays and slide in your optical drive. Screw it into place if necessary. Once everything else is in, it’s time to install your power supply and plug everything in. (Note that if your case came with a power supply, you can skip this step, as it’ll already be installed). It should be pretty obvious where your power supply goes, as there will be a big rectangular hole on the back of your case. Some power supplies mount on the top, while some sit on the bottom of the case. Generally, they mount with the fan facing away from the edge of the case, unless that case has enough space in between the power supply mount and the end of the case to allow for airflow. Now that you have built your computer it’s time to plug it in and power it. From here it’s time to install an operating system (OS). There are several OS to pick from. The more common are Microsoft Windows and Linux. Each OS installs differently and each user has their own preference. Once you pick an OS read the instructions provided to install it. Now that you have installed the OS you now have a fully functioning computer that you’ve built.

Marketing Creates Customer Needs Essay

Marketing creates customer needs. The following paper will elucidate how consumers are made not born. Marketing entices customers to try new products or do new things that they may never have thought of before. Commercialism is everywhere you turn. From the glossy ads, pop ups on their computer screen, billboards, emails, tweets, radio, television, telemarketers, etc. You can’t get away from advertising wherever you go. The marketers would not be continuing if it was not so successful in getting people to buy more of what they are selling. The following paragraphs will give examples of successful marketing advertisement campaigns and how they were effective. According to Forbes, for advertising to be effective it needs to be: memorable, connect with the consumer by delivering a person meaningful message that tells them how their product would make their life a better place, stand for values beyond the product itself, and be intricately tied to the brand not to be confused with the competitor. (Greewald, 2014). The article gives several examples of successful ad campaigns. First, the Red Bull gives you wings campaign. The ads are inspirational telling consumers if you use our product you will do everything better from studying to doing your job better. It empowers people and gets them to relate to the product. Next, the Beats Dr. Dre advertising campaign. The advertisements tell the consumer that by wearing these headphones you will be able to overcome your critics and be empowered to believe in yourself. They depict athlete Kevin Garnett blocking out his critics and allowing him to focus on positive thoughts and the music he loves. Both advertisements connect with the consumer on a psychological level. They focus on you relating to our needs to do better and finding greatness in ourselves. It is what most of us  tell ourselves every day- don’t listen to the people that are our critics and believe in yourself. Find greatness and believe in yourself sounds more like a motivational s peaker however it works to connect the consumer to the product. According to Forbes both campaigns met all the aspects to be effective. Both these products are not necessary for humans to survive. Both products are considered a want not a need. The advertisers have convinced students far and wide to drink Red Bull because it will help you concentrate more and be successful. We all survived before without these products. They have successfully changed the mindset of consumers who now believe the opposite that they now can’t survive without them. One of the most successful marketing campaigns has been Apples’ I Phones. Hundreds of people stand in line when their newest product becomes available. Everywhere you look people have an I Phone. It is a sign of stature to have the state-of-the- art technology which includes the latest and greatest that Apple has to offer. It has become an item people can’t live without. I lost my I phone for 24 hours and thought I was going to have an anxiety attack. All my personal information, contacts, bank card information is all in the one little phone. I can’t remember any of my important phone numbers anymore because I don’t need to – they are all in the phone. They have made it irreplaceable in our day to day living. This is the ultimate in marketing and sales of a product. I lived 36 years without ever having a cellular phone and survived just fine. Now I see 8 year olds with I phones calling their friends and tweeting! Marketing provides a value to business in that it helps showcase their products and engage consumers in purchasing them. The value to society is that some of these products may make our lives easier and we can benefit from them. In conclusion, I believe that marketing creates a need we didn’t know existed until they showed us their fabulous products. They connect with us, make us believe that what they are offering will improve our lives and are necessary for our existence. I agree that marketers encourage consumers to spend money they do not have on non-essential items. So many Americans have credit card debt. The average American household has nearly $7000 of credit card debt as of December 2013. (Credit Card Debt Statistics, 2013). We continue to spend money on things we don’t really need with money we don’t have. It is a vicious cycle for many Americans that leave them broke and in some instances homeless. References: Credit Card Debt Statistics. (2013). Credit Card Debt Statistics. Money-Zine.com: http://www.money-zine.com/financial-planning/debt-consolidation/credit-card-debt-statistics). Greewald, M. (2014, July 10). Secrets of 7 of the Most Effective Ad Campaigns. Forbes.com: http://www.forbes.com/sites/michellegreenwald/2014/07/10/secrets-of-7-of-the-most-effective-ad-campaigns/

Roles of Women in the Nineteenth Century - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2600 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/04/04 Category Literature Essay Level High school Topics: Frankenstein Essay Did you like this example? Abstract This paper examines some theories of feminist views on Mary Shelleys Frankenstein. It analyzes the depictions of women in the story in relation to men. Moreover, it takes into account Mary Shelleys life to understand the roles of women in the nineteenth century. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Roles of Women in the Nineteenth Century" essay for you Create order The analysis draws upon Anne Mellors On Feminist Utopia, Ellen Moerss Female Gothic, and Johanna M. Smiths ?Cooped Up with ?Sad Trash: Domesticity and the Sciences in Frankenstein. It also contains the introduction of Mary Shelley in the second published edition. While analyzing, the coincidence between the novel and Mary Shelleys life is taken into consideration. Main As some feminist movements, such as the Me Too movement, are going strong, there have been more and more feminist literary works. However, it is not the case two centuries ago when women were suppressed and treated worse than their male counterparts. Yes, it is true that while rich women might have had better lives than poor men. However, rich women were less respected than rich men, as poor men were more respected than poor women. One of the rare works is Mary Wollstonecrafts A Vindication of the Rights of Women, which voices the need for gender equality in the society. Her daughter, Mary Shelley, although was not publicly known for being a feminist, her book Frankenstein was considered a feminist work by some scholars. The fact that women in Britain in the nineteenth century lived in their domestic sphere, and dependent on men is demonstrated in not only the novel Frankenstein itself but also in Mary Shelleys life. To understand Frankenstein as a novel, I think it would be necessary to understand Mary Shelley as a person and how she came across the ideas for Frankenstein. Mary Shelley, or Mary Godwin, was the daughter of William Godwin and Mary Wollstonecraft, who were well-known for their writings. Since she was young, she was different from other girls in her time in that she received an education. She then had a romantic relationship with a married Percy Bysshe Shelley and became his mistress. In her teenaged time, Mary Godwin was impregnated with Percy Shelleys daughter, who later died from premature birth. After the death of Shelleys first wife, Godwin and Shelley got married. The couple later had three more children, two of whom also died. Her husband passed away in a boat sink, leaving her a widow. Several decades later, she was killed from illness. During her time, she was never as well-known as her parents or her husband, yet her most famous work, which was Frankenstein, also known as The Modern Prometheus, was a phenomenon in British literature as it left a huge and lasting impact until today. Mary Shelley came across the ideas for Frankenstein by chance. In the summer of 1816, she and Percy Shelley came to Switzerland and became neighbors and friends with John Polidori and Lord Byron, who during that time was extremely famous for his works (Shelley 166). The group read a German book of ghost stories called History of the Inconstant Lover, which left an impression on Mary Shelley as she had never read such kinds of stories but they made her feel like she had read them for a long time (167). Lord Byron suggested each person write a ghost story. Shelley wanted to write a story that would speak to the mysterious fears of our nature, and awaken thrilling horror and would make the reader dread to look round, to curdle the blood, and quicken the beatings of the heart (167). She listened to Lord Byron and her husbands conversation about the nature and principle of life as well as Erasmus Darwins experiments. Erasmus Darwin was the grandson of Charles Darwin, the father of evolution. She was inspired by the ideas of the re-animation of a corpse and the manufacturing of component parts of a creature (168). One night, she dreamed about a scientist fearfully running away from his creature. When she woke up from the nightmare, she was still horrified and haunted by the idea of a creature scaring its creator. This was when she decided to write the story (168). At first, she only wanted to write it as a short story; however, her husband encouraged her to develop the idea at a greater length (169). The novel had two major editions during Shelleys time, one was in 1818 and the other was in 1831. There were some minor changes in the second one. It is also noticeable that when she first published Frankenstein, she published it anonymously. She only came out as the author of the story in the second edition. Frankenstein is a story told from three narrators: Robert Walton, Victor Frankenstein, and the Creature. Walton, a traveller and a scientist, finds Frankenstein fainting in the North Pole and rescues him. After recovery, Frankenstein tells Walton his story as well as the miseries he has gone through. Frankenstein was born in a noble family which he is the eldest of the three sons. When he was a child, his parents adopted two orphans, Elizabeth and Justine. Elizabeth was then appointed to be Victors future wife while Justine was assigned as a servant. After the death of his mother, due to his grief over her death as well as his obsession with chemistry and electricity, Victor creates a creature from different body parts of dead people in hope of resurrecting dead people and taking controls of life. However, he is scared of the Creature and abandons it when he first sees it. While wandering around the village, the Creature is estranged by the villagers although it makes attempts to be friends with them. It later kills Williams, Victors youngest brother. Justine, who has become Williams nanny, is accused of the murder and executed. The Creature then asks Victor for a female partner; otherwise, it will kill Victors loved ones. Victor, in fear of creating another monster, refuses. On Victors wedding night, the Creature kills Victors friend Henry, Victors father Alphonse, and Victors bride Elizabeth and disappears. Victor tries to chase after the Creature, became exhausted and later found by Walton. Since the novel was first published, there have been interpretations with different theories. Some popular theories are those of a feminist perspective. Feminist critics analyze literary texts, examine how female characters are portrayed and uncover the patriarchal doctrine. They also attempt to analyze the texts in terms of the authors lives. In doing so, they illustrate the male-dominant tradition that is engraved in both societal and literary systems. A feminist theory, according to Anne K. Mellor, is inherently utopian, that is a theory that is grounded on the assumption of gender equality, a social equality between the sexes which has never existed in the historical past, and seeks to analyze and eliminate discrimination on the basis of gender (243). Some feminist interpretations link the story to Mary Shelleys life as well as to the society she lived in. According to Ellen Moers, although Frankenstein has no heroine and no main female victim as other Gothic novels have, it is still able to portray the life of its author better than other novels (79). Mary Shelleys experiences were so unusually traumatizing that they were transferred into her work. Three of her four children died, one of whom remained nameless. Birth and death were as hideously intermixed in the life of Mary Shelley as in Frankensteins workshop of filthy creation (84). Moers sees that Mary Shelley transformed the standard Romantic matter of incest, infanticide, and patricide into a phantasmagoria of the nursery (87). Different from other Romantic works, Frankenstein has the elements of motherhood, of infants, and of life creations. They are things that are associated with female. Moreover, Johanna M. Smith also points out that Mary Shelley was torn between the public sphere and private sphere (345). As a woman writer, she had to refrain herself from going public due to her responsibility to care for her family (315). Her writer identity was suppressed by her woman identity. In the nineteenth century, it was still very unusual for a woman to have an education. Feminists suggested that womens natural abilities were obstructed by the bad education women received at that time (316). It was believed that everything a woman wrote was characterized as femininely expressed and categorized as women writings. Therefore, had Mary Shelley not published Frankenstein anonymously, her novel would be characterized as a feminine expression rather than a masculine understanding (316). We all know this might still be the case if Mary Shelley lived in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries although women started to get proper educations in these two centuries. Feminists get criticized for condemning male privileges and was characterized as biased. By publishing Frankenstein anonymously, she was able to avoid destructive criticisms that might come up during her time. Furthermore, Smith points out that the fact that Mary Shelley was willing to have her husband heavily edit and revise the novel shows the tensions of performing gender (317). It is analogous to the women in the novel who are oppressed by men and live their lives in accordance with mens lives. It also illustrates t he fact of the nineteenth century that women are influenced by men and have to get mens approval in order to get recognized. Some feminist critics undermine the role of women by viewing the society in Frankenstein as a dystopia. The insignificant role of women and tragedies in Frankenstein are analyzed as cause and consequence. As Mellor argues, a society filled with vengeful and brutal humans and monsters is a result of man trying to control life through science, to impose a male-favored sexual division of labor and to separate love and work (245). Victor Frankenstein tries to create a life without the involvement of a woman, which is against the nature of life. He views Elizabeth not as an object of affection but as someone taking care of his family. He also refuses the creatures request for a female partner as he thinks that the female creature would cause troubles like the male creature. In the end, both Frankenstein and his creature turn into beings full of hatred. In the current world, there are men who try to belittle women and view women as an option, not as a must-have. They would try to limit the involvement of women and instead use women to fulfill their purposes. Women are seen as catalysts and weapons for the competitiveness between men. Women in the novel, specifically Elizabeth and the monsterette, are just means for the tension between Victor and the monster (Smith 323). The female characters devote their lives to service the needs of others illness and afflictions, but never of sufficient significance to be protected fully (Wright 108). Catherine and Elizabeth sacrifices their whole lives to devote into taking care of the whole Frankenstein family. The cycle of the female submissive role is maintained in the Frankenstein family. Caroline, when young, works and takes care of her father. After getting married to Alphonse, she continues taking care of her family. Even when she is dying, she only wants to Elizabeth to continue her role as a caregiver. Elizabeth subsequently became the replacement for Caroline. Justine takes the execution for a crime that is committed by a male being. Women do not play significant roles in the society, which can be seen through the lack of impacts from female characters as well as their negative fates. Women, both now and then, have been viewed as subordinate to men and their sole responsibility is to serve men. Johanna M. Smith links the nineteenth-century ideology of separate spheres with the roles of the female characters in the story (313). She shows that the domestic relationships in the novel characterize the negotiations between public and private spheres, between masculine understanding and feminine expression, and between domestic ideology and domestic practice (317). While feminine passivity and masculine activity were portrayed as opposition between separate gendered spheres in the novel published in 1818, they were portrayed as complementary difference in the novel published in 1831 (318). The creature, directly and indirectly, only kills the people who are most closely associated with the conventional femininity (321). William is associated with femininity because he lives under Elizabeths and Justines care. Justine personifies gendered domestic subordination since she loyally serves Caroline and Elizabeth. Henry is an example of a combination of both masculine and feminine traits since he took care of Victor when he was sick. Elizabeth takes on all feminine roles in the Frankenstein family. Alphonse, Victors father, embodies feminine patriarch. The feminization of Alphonse is depicted through his active roles of being father in the female domestic sphere (317). Alphonse characterizes feminine patriarch, as opposed to paternal tyranny. The gendered sphere is such a common concept in the nineteenth society that it continues to penetrate in todays world. Although there have been some households that do not or try to not follow the concept of gendered sphere, the notion of women staying at home and doing housework is still dominant in mainstream cultures. In the process of evaluating the novel in terms of feminist perspectives, some authors analyze the book as a genre of science fiction. Many scholars have argued that Frankenstein is the first science fiction novel. Brian Aldiss was the first writer to argue that Frankenstein is the first work of science fiction. Mellor claimed that science fiction was created by a womans attempt to evaluate scientific and technological advancements within a male-driven society (244). However, there are still scholars who disagree and refuse to acknowledge that Mary Shelley invented science fiction. There are many people who do not know about Mary Shelley and her relationship to science fiction That Mary Shelley was not credited for her contribution to science fiction, a genre that dominates the literature scene, shows how difficult for women writers or women in any field are acknowledged for their accomplishments. That women are not acknowledged for their achievements and have their achievements taken away by men are not uncommon in today society. In the twentieth century, a similar scenario was also seen in Rosalind Franklin and her discovery of the DNA, an opening door to and a critical part of the modern world of biology. Her images of DNA structures were accessed without her knowledge or consent by two male scientists, James Watson and Francis Crick. In the end, Watson and Crick were awarded the Nobel Prize but Franklin was not. Mary Shelleys novel Frankenstein depicts the domestic role of women in the nineteenth century and how science can be used to take away womens gifted ability in reproduction and to deny womens existence in the society. Mary Shelleys life also reflects sexist aspects of the society in the nineteenth century, some of which can still be seen today. Patriarchal ideology is intrinsic to most societies. Even though there are movements against patriarchy and for gender equality, the society is still male-favored in some aspects. Works Cited Mellor, Anne. On Feminist Utopias. Womens Studies. Volume 99. Issue 4. 1982. pp. 241-262. Moers, Ellen. Female Gothic: The Monsters Mother. Frankenstein: The 1818 Text Contexts Criticism. Edited by J. Paul Hunter. Second Edition W. W. Norton and Company, New York, 2012. Shelley, Mary. Introduction to Frankenstein. Frankenstein: The 1818 Text Contexts Criticism. Edited by J. Paul Hunter. Second Edition. W. W. Norton and Company, New York, 2012. Smith, Johanna M. ?Copped Up with ?Sad Trash: Domesticity and the Sciences of Frankenstein. Frankenstein : Complete, Authoritative Text with Biographical and Historical Contexts, Critical History, and Essays from Five Contemporary Critical Perspectives. Edited by Johanna M. Smith. Boston: Bedford Books of St. Martins Press, Boston, 1992. Wright, Angela. The Female Gothic. The Cambridge Companion to Frankenstein. Edited by Andrew Smith. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2016.